General Definition

It is difficult, if not impossible, to define the concept of artificial intelligence in a single sentence. Even within the scientific community, no single definition has gained widespread acceptance. This is not surprising, since human intelligence itself cannot be clearly defined. Here are a few common definitions:

Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason. Although there are as of yet no AIs that match full human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge, some AIs perform specific tasks as well as humans.

source: https://www.britannica.com/

The capability of a machine to imitate intelligent human behavior, or the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

source: https://www.englishclub.com/

Artificial intelligence (AI), is a term coined in 1955 by John McCarthy, Stanford’s first faculty member in AI, who defined it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent machines.” Much research has human program software agents with the knowledge to behave in a particular way, like playing chess, but today, we emphasize agents that can learn, just as human beings navigating our changing world.

source: https://hai.stanford.edu/

Strong AI and Weak AI

Imagine there’s a robot that schedules appointments for you, handles annoying calls, cleans up the mess in your apartment—all while making sure you still know your way around, don’t lose track of things, and know where everything is. Plus, this robot is always your best friend; you can tell it anything, and it understands me, listens to me, and gives me what I need.

Unfortunately, that’s still a long way off. The AI we have available today can, unfortunately, only handle the specific tasks it has been trained for. This brings us to the difference between strong and weak AI.

Weak AI, also called narrow AI, is capable of performing a specific task that it’s designed to do. Strong AI, on the other hand, is capable of learning, thinking and adapting like humans do. That said, strong AI systems don’t actually exist yet.

source: https://www.britannica.com/

Strong AI and Weak AI

Here are the typical characteristics of strong and weak AI, as well as a comparison of cases where the term “AI” does not apply at all.

Strong AI and Weak AI

Of course, there is a wealth of additional useful information on the topic of AI available online. We have compiled and linked some helpful resources for you here.

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Subfields of AI

Many of us think of AI as traditional chatbots like Chat GPT. In reality, the field of AI encompasses many more subfields. We likely only come into indirect contact with many of these areas in our daily lives and are therefore unaware of them. Here is a simple diagram showing key aspects of AI. It is highly simplified, by no means exhaustive, and is intended only to provide an overview.

Computational Intellicence (CI)

Is the main Subtopic of AU ToDo More Text

Neuronal Networks

ToDo: Subfield of CI inclues known AI technologies ......

Other...

There are many other areas that fall under the umbrella of AI and CI. The average user usually encounters these only indirectly. The diagram on the right shows just a selection of them. It is intended to illustrate the scope and diversity of the term AI. However, the following discussion will not delve further into the subfields outside of neural networks.

Subfields of AI

Source: Mansfield, C.F., Ebersöhn, L., Beltman, S., Loots, T. (2018). Great Southern Lands: Making Space for Teacher Resilience in South Africa and Australia. In: Wosnitza, M., Peixoto, F., Beltman, S., Mansfield, C.F. (eds) Resilience in Education (pp. 53-71). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76690-4_4

Subfields of AI

And much more Information

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